Detailed Assumptions
Cost, Revenue & Unit Economics
Every input driving the model — traceable, auditable, and editable via the Dashboard sliders.
Capital Costs (CAPEX)
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Basis / Source |
|---|---|---|---|
Solar PV — per MWp | ₪3.2M | ₪/MWp | Israeli EPC market rate, bifacial Tier-1, rooftop+ground |
BESS Storage — per MWh | ₪1.4M | ₪/MWh | LiFePO4 2-hour system, containerized, 10-yr warranty |
Modular DC — per kW IT | ₪10K | ₪/kW | Tier-III modular container, PUE 1.35, N+1 cooling |
V2G — per vehicle | ₪38K | ₪/vehicle | 11 kW bidirectional charger + install + controller |
Operating Costs (OPEX)
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Basis / Source |
|---|---|---|---|
Annual OPEX rate | 0.02 | % of CAPEX | Maintenance, insurance, monitoring — industry benchmark |
Revenue & Unit Economics
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Basis / Source |
|---|---|---|---|
Solar yield | 1,750 | kWh/kWp/yr | Israel irradiation (GHI ~2100), 82% performance ratio |
DC reseller margin | 0.42 | ₪/kWh | Colocation markup over blended energy cost |
Facility revenue density | ₪2K | ₪/sqm/yr | Logistics + DC tenant blended revenue |
Baseline CoE / revenue | 0.082% | % | Pre-VPP electricity cost as % of facility revenue |
Gas Generation (CCGT)
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Basis / Source |
|---|---|---|---|
CCGT capacity per gas site | 5 | MW | Onsite combined-cycle gas turbine, per gas-connected facility |
CCGT heat rate | 2 | kWh/kWh-elec | ~50% net electrical efficiency |
CCGT capacity factor | 0.6 | ratio | Annual dispatch factor (baseload + peaking blend) |
Natural gas price | 0.35 | ₪/kWh-th | Israel natural gas tariff (Tamar/Leviathan supply) |
CCGT CAPEX per MW | ₪4.5M | ₪/MW | Combined-cycle EPC, containerized, Israeli market |
CCGT fixed O&M per MW | ₪180K | ₪/MW/yr | Turbine maintenance, CEMS, staffing |
Construction & Ramp-Up
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Basis / Source |
|---|---|---|---|
Construction period | 12 | months | Build duration for EPC delivery — interest accrues on debt drawn during this period (IDC) |
Utilization ramp duration | 24 | months | Months to reach steady-state revenue utilization from start of operations |
Initial utilization | 0.3 | ratio | Utilization at start of operations before ramp-up — drives working capital requirement |
Depreciation & Tax
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Basis / Source |
|---|---|---|---|
Depreciation method | — | method | MACRS 5-year 200% declining balance (half-year) — accelerated tax shield |
Corporate tax rate | 0.23 | ratio | Israel corporate tax rate (23%) |
Investment tax credit | 0.05 | ratio | 5% of CAPEX as investment tax credit (Israeli energy incentives) |
Grant funding | 0.1 | ratio | 10% of CAPEX recovered as government grant (Ministry of Energy / Innovation Authority) |
Carbon Credits
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Basis / Source |
|---|---|---|---|
Carbon credit price | 180 | ₪/tCO2 | Voluntary carbon market price (≈ $50/tCO2 at 3.6 ₪/$) |
Grid emission factor | 0.7 | tCO2/MWh | Israeli grid average CO2 intensity |
Bridge Loan & Refinance
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Basis / Source |
|---|---|---|---|
Bridge loan enabled | true | bool | Short-term bridge covers IDC + working capital gap during ramp-up |
Bridge interest rate | 0.09 | ratio | Higher than long-term project debt — reflects ramp-up risk premium |
Refinance DSCR threshold | 1.4 | ratio | DSCR at which bridge is refinanced into long-term project finance |
Tariff & Arbitrage
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Basis / Source |
|---|---|---|---|
TAOZ peak price Verified IEC bill Feb-2025 (Kiryat Gat 342128421) | 1.12 | ₪/kWh | Static universal low — 16:00–22:00 peak window |
TAOZ off-peak price Verified IEC bill Feb-2025 (Kiryat Gat 342128421) | 0.31 | ₪/kWh | Static universal low — nights & weekends |
Blended import (verified) Verified IEC bills Feb-2025 & Jan-2026 | 0.56 | ₪/kWh | All-in blended — energy + demand + fixed (56.13 ag Feb-25, 56.98 ag Jan-26) |
Demand charge Verified IEC bill Feb-2025 (3,010 KVA) | 3.54 | ₪/KVA/yr | Approved connection capacity charge |
Net-metering export credit Verified IEC bill Feb-2025 (17,120 kWh injected) | 0.55 | ₪/kWh | Net-metering credit for injected surplus |
NOGA MSP average | 0.78 | ₪/kWh | 12-month rolling marginal system price |
Note: Tariff, demand-charge, and net-metering values are verified against the Kiryat Gat IEC bill (Feb-2025, account 342128421) and the Ein Carmel bill (Jan-2026, account 340851577). CAPEX/OPEX calibrated against Israeli EPC market rates. Toggle Real Measured load on the Load Profiles page to recalculate the full model against the 2.45 GWh pilot profile.
